Endosymbiosis Essay -- Biology Biological Papers

Endosymbiosis Endosymbiosis is the theory that eukaryotic cells were formed when a prokaryotic cell ingested some aerobic bacteria. The first step of the evolution of a eukaryotic cell is the infolding of the cellular membrane. This process takes place when the plasma membrane folds inwards and develops an envelope around a smaller prokaryotic cell. Once the smaller cell is engulfed, it becomes dependent upon its host cell. It relies on the host cell for organic molecules and inorganic compounds. However, the host cell also benefits because it has an increased output of ATP for cellular activities and becomes more productive. This ATP comes from the mitochondrion (the aerobe) that is engulfed. All eukaryotic cells contain the mitochondrion that is made through this process. However, only some of the eukaryotic cells (plant cells) form chloroplasts through endosymbiosis after the mitochondrion is formed. Some of the prokaryotic cells ingest cyanobacteria. These bacteria contain photosynthetic pigments that are useful in photosynthesis. The cyanobacteria become dependent upon the host cell and can no longer survive on its own. Over time, it becomes the chloroplast, a main organelle of plant cells. The chloroplast is then able to convert energy from the sun to energy-rich sugar molecules which are then converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP. (1) The evidence for endosymbiosis is most prevalent in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of cells. The ribosomes of mitochondria and chloroplasts resemble that of prokaryotic ribosomes because of their similar size, 70s. Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and prokaryotes all divide by binary fission. The genome of mitochondria and chloroplasts most resemble prokaryot... ...he nucleus as well. In conclusion, the nucleus is an endosymbiont of bacteria and archaea. The host cell most likely did not come from the bacteria. The host cell, chronocyte, was not a prokaryotic cell but one that had a cytoskeleton composed of actin and tubulin and a complex membrane system. The chronocyte contributed to the end product that is the euaryotic cell. Its contributions were the cytoskeleton, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and major intracellular control systems. (3) References 1) Prescott, Lansing. Microbiology: 6th Edition. McGraw Hill: Boston. 2002. 2) Microbe Ecology: Lecture 18. http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~bah/BIO471/Lecture18/Lecture18.html. Accessed via Internet: 26 November 2004. 3) Hartman, Hyman, and Fedorov, Alexei. The Origin of the eukaryotic cell: A genomic investigation. 5 February 2002.

Robinson Crusoe Critique

Filippo Volodin Robinson Crusoe And The New Middle Class Before analyzing Robinson Crusoe it is important to give a short background of the author of such an incredible novel. Daniel Defoe was born in 1660 and died in 1731 after a life of adventures and incredible experiences. He was raised to be very religious and his parents were strongly attached to the puritanism tendency that was spreading around Europe. These aspects and the strong education imposed by his parents will strongly influence Robinson Crusoe’s psychology.Furthermore, Defoe worked as a Merchant, Insurer and during his entire live he has been sent in prison several times for either small or serious issues. Having such an experience, Defoe strongly felt to be part of the New Middle class that was flourishing due to the new colonies and the economic boom of that period. In this way we can say that his personal experience, family education and the influence of the growing Middle class strongly gave to Defoe the im pulse to create a character such as Robinson Crusoe, who represents the typical New Middle Class person who can, using his brain and his talent, always succeed in life.Robinson Crusoe represents the prototype of the typical English Merchant, heartless and unceasingly looking for a profitable business to lead. This new type of figure continuously changes because of the unsatisfactory position it has in the society and always strives to find new ways to make profit. In fact, Robinson Crusoe reveals these characteristics, and his strong attachment to the religion, when he sells Xury to the Captain. He offer'd me also 60 Pieces of Eight more for my Boy Xury, which I was loath to take, not that I was not willing to let the Captain have him, but I was very loath to sell the poor Boy's Liberty, who had assisted me so faithfully in procuring my own. However when I let him know my Reason, he own’d it to be just, and offer’d me this Medium, that he would give the Boy an Obligati on to set him free in ten Years, if he turn’s Christian; upon this, and Xury saying he was willing to go to him, I let the Captain have him. † From this quotation powerfully comes out the strong education gave to Robinson Crusoe.Crusoe does not really care about Xury, even though he has served him loyally. This passage highlights the new situation of the Middle Class represented by Robinson Crusoe that championed individualism, seizing every single opportunity to have a personal profit, relying just on own powers and talents. Furthermore, agreeing on converting Xury into a Christian let us explicitly understand the importance of the Puritan education imposed to Defoe by his family with the consequent reflection of this approach on Robinson Crusoe, who just agrees after making sure that the Captain have to turn Xury into a â€Å"Good Christian†.Robinson Crusoe demonstrates to be the â€Å"new bourgeois-man† during his long stay at the isle. The island becom es the perfect field to completely release his middle class attitudes and the opportunity to show that he deserves to be saved by God’s providence. It is important to interpret properly the significant of the Island. Crusoe’s stay at the island has to be seen as the chance for Robinson Crusoe to prove his qualities controlling, manipulating and exploiting the Nature. Consequently, Crusoe starts to â€Å"recreate† the English society of the 18th Century, sticking to the Middle Class uses of efficiency and individuality.For instance, when Crusoe meets Friday he decides to impose him his way of living showing once again his necessity to impose the â€Å"English life style†. In fact, further on in the novel Robinson Crusoe teaches to Friday how to speak English and how to interpret the holy Bible. In the island comes out even the typical attachment to the Puritanism of the Middle Class represented by Robinson Crusoe who believed in the God’s Providence . Crusoe is convinced that God is the first cause of everything but he can change his destiny by acting following his brain and using his talents.To conclude, Defoe shows us a perfect hero who, following the Middle Class education and mentality, can face every problem and solving it using his brain and his talents. It is incredible how Defoe could impress in an unbelievable way the main aspects of the growing Middle Class. Like Robinson Crusoe demonstrates, and Defoe in first person firmly thinks, a person using his own skill and being always self aware of his possibility can emerge and always find a way to survive and succeed in life if he really wants and strives for that.

Overview of Management - 1112 Words

Running head: OVERVIEW OF MANAGEMENT Overview of Management Erminia Ponce University of Phoenix Overview of Management Kudler Fine Foods was founded by Kathy Kudler in 1998. Kathy once was a Vice President of Marketing of a defense contractor; Kathy traveled constantly and endured the pressures of corporate life. Kathy ultimately wanted something different, something less stressful and gourmet cooking seemed to relieve the stress for her so Kathy decided to embark on an opportunity on an upscale epicurean food shop in La Jolla. Kathy opened her first store in June, 1998 and within the year the store was profitable. Kathy later opened two more stores by 2003, one in Del Mar and Encinitas and now Kathy is looking at†¦show more content†¦The easily accessible Internet and the Worldwide Web revolutionized information sharing. For the first time data could be shared in real time as text, voice, graphics, and video among anyone with access to the Internet. (Gomez). Kudler’s staff also has access to the internet as well as the intranet to handle t he day to day business of Kudler. An intranet allows an organization’s employees to communicate with each other and to access company information and databases through his or her desktop or laptop computers. Firms that establish intranets or extranets need to be careful about allowing access to sensitive information. (Gomez). Employees can access the internet to arrange for packages to be picked up by UPS or the local USPS by accessing the wide-area network. Through the use of the internet Kudler has many options available, latest software, databases. Databases are the heart of information systems. (Gomez). Competition is at the core of a firm’s success or failure. One of the most well-known frameworks for analyzing competiveness is Porter’s competitive forces model. (Turban, Rainer and Porter, 2003). Each of these forces help a company identify its strengths and threats from other competitors. †¢ The threat of entry of new competitors. (Turban). – New shops are opening everyday, supply and demand. Kudler needs to keep up with the latest technology. †¢ The bargaining power of suppliers. (Turban). – Kudler needs toShow MoreRelatedAn Overview Of Inventory Management1745 Words   |  7 PagesAn Overview of Inventory Management Lijuan Wei Abstract —There are some complex and compelling challenges that global manufacturing industries should face, which includes price fluctuation, supply-chain inefficiencies and increasing customer expectations. In order to meet the demand of this economic environment, manufacturers need to find innovative, smarter ways to face those challenges. 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Unemployment How It Affects The Individual Essay

Unemployment How it Affects the Individual Adults that found themselves to be under unemployment for longer terms that 6 months were twice as likely to fall to depression than those under 6 months (Finnegan, 2015). To make it more visual, a 2014 Gallup Poll found that among those who were unemployed for 27 weeks, 18% of them suffered from depression. At the time that the poll was taken, there were 3.4 million people, meaning that approximately 442,000 Americans had suffered from depression in correlation to long-term unemployment (Rosen, 2014). With depression comes a higher likelihood of suicide. In the gap between the years 2000 and 2011, 1 in 5 suicides were committed because of unemployment. The study conducted included sixty-three countries with the rate of suicide due to unemployment being between 20 and 30 percent of total suicides (Pianin, 2015). And even if the individual does not become suicidal, the repercussions of not having any income would adversely affect their health. The likelihood of premature death increases with the lack of medical insurance which usually comes with the loss of employment (Nichols, 2013). It is affected so greatly that the likelihood of death the year after becoming unemployed goes up by 50-100% (Sullivan, 2009). How it Affects Children When the provider of a family goes through unemployment, their dependents are at risk. Not only would the person who is unemployed suffer the physical and psychological repercussions of not having anyShow MoreRelatedUnemployment : Unemployment And Unemployment1573 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION What is unemployment? Unemployment happens when a man who is effectively looking for employment is not able to find some kind of employment. Unemployment is regularly utilised as a measure of the economy’s wellbeing. The most regularly referred to gauge of unemployment is the unemployment rate. This is the quantity of unemployed persons divided by the quantity of individuals in the work force. 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Reemployment Assistance Appeals Commission, Fla, which brought to light that the employer was not properly compe nsating Martinez according the the Fair Labor Standards Act byRead MoreAmerica s Greatest Challenges Today American Citizens1011 Words   |  5 Pagesas voted by most Americans is believed to be the high percentage rate of unemployment. Unemployment is a distressingly bad aspect, and unfortunately it is a daily normality and struggle for most individuals. There are a plethora of reasons why unemployment is intensively high; frictional, structural and voluntary unemployment for example, serve as major purposes to the leading cause of high unemployment. Frictional unemployment occurs from the amount of time spent in finding new employment in the freeRead MoreInflation And Unemployment Essay1260 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationship between inflation and unemployment has been studied, debated, and been used as economic indicators to explain the overall health of the economy. 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Analysis Of John Donne s The Stuart Period - 1259 Words

Khalie Shields The Stuart Period Tracy Sedinger 09/12/14 Unacceptably Acceptable John Donne was an exceptional English poet of the early seventeen hundreds. He seemed to be a man of mostly sonnets and erotic literature. Most of his work is made up of poetry filled with religion, love and of course sexual activity. Donne was very different compared to his contemporaries and colleagues. He was known for a lot of dynamic language that was bold and vibrant, and was extremely creative with his metaphors. Donne’s poetry typically encompassed an abrupt opening followed by one contradiction and paradox after another. He strived to break the mold of what the English society thought about sonnets. It seems that way because many of his poems do not follow the typical structure. One poem in particular that seems to represent Donne exceptionally well is Holy Sonnet 14. The story in the poem is basically about a man talking to God, in a rather curious way I might add, asking him to come inside him and restore his soul. The only typical thing abou t this sonnet is that it has fourteen lines. On another hand, the rhyme scheme is highly irregular. It unusually starts out with elements of an Italian sonnet with the rhyme abba abba. Donne ends the poem with the rhyming couplet cdcd cdcd cc which brings back the English elements. The poem also has three quatrains before the couplet at the end, which are three groups of four lines. Normal iambic pentameter starts with an unstressed syllable

Mediatory Argument Free Essays

When it comes to finding common ground on important issues, few polarize people as much as immigration questions and difficulties. There are plenty of varying opinions on immigration, especially when one considers whether or not to grant United States citizenship to illegal immigrants. Some feel that illegal immigrants should be given a chance to earn their citizenship, since they are already in the country. We will write a custom essay sample on Mediatory Argument or any similar topic only for you Order Now Others feel that they are criminals who deserve nothing from the government of the United States. Finding a middle ground on that issue is difficult, but it is possible through mediation. When one takes the time to research the issue at hand, some interesting things come to light. The first thing that a person must understand is the definition of an illegal alien. An illegal alien, as the name suggests, is a person who comes to the United States illegally. In short, it is a person that enters the country through some means that is not approved by the immigration office of the United States. The punishment for such an offense is something that must also be considered by any person who is looking to do research. If an illegal alien is found out in the United States, then they are usually deported back to the country where they came from. In some cases, they are detained for a short time before being shipped back to their country. Research must also be done on the options for these people. Where do they come from and why do they come to the United States? As one might expect, the majority of illegal aliens come to the United States because they have nowhere else to go. These people do not have a future or a leg to stand on in their previous countries, so they make their way into America with an eye on making a new life for themselves or for their families. One side of this argument might also focus on the job status of these people, as well. Unfortunately for many Americans, some of the jobs have been occupied by illegal aliens. This is something worth considering if one hopes to find a middle ground between the two sides of this equation. There are certain middle grounds in this argument where people come together. Though folks might disagree on many things, one would be hard pressed to find anyone who believed that illegal aliens were worse off in the United States. In addition, most people on either side of the chart can admit that illegal aliens are just as likely to pass the citizenship requirements as those people who migrate to the United States legally. In addition to all of that, both sides can see some part of the American dream coming out in this situation. When America was being formed, it took on all comers as a place where anyone could come to explore and find great opportunities. Though that has changed some, it is still one of the American ideals that all residents of this country hold near and dear. As for disagreements, there are many in this case. The fundamental disagreement between the two sides is that people who think illegal immigrants should be given citizenship believe that the illegal alien laws are unfair. They believe that there needs to be widespread reform to accommodate for those people who make their way to the United States. Their basic argument is that it should not be illegal to come to America. Those on the other side would argue that the laws are in place to protect the country from being overrun by cheap labor and they are there to keep the economy in tact. In addition to all of that, the two sides disagree on the impact that illegal immigrants might have on the job market. Those who support the illegal immigrants feel that, ultimately, the increased productivity with these new workers will help stimulate the economy. Obviously, those on the other side feel that adding more low cost workers will make it difficult for people to demand competitive wagers in a competitive market. It is important to keep in mind the different viewpoints when trying to reach a common ground. In this case, the perspectives could not be any different on the issue. On one side, there are the illegal immigrants, who have escaped their previous life and made it to the land of opportunity. They see a new life sitting right in front of them for the taking and they see nothing wrong with that. Those who want these people gone are looking out for their best interests and they are somewhat fearful of what could happen is illegal immigrants were granted citizenship. Because neither party has had the chance to walk in the other party’s shoes, it makes things especially difficult. Illegal immigrants cannot understand why those people in the U.S. do not want to share their wealth. Those in the U.S. do not understand where the illegal immigrants have come from and why they might have made the decision to come. The common ground here is that everyone wants to work for the greater good of the human race. While it might seem like an idealistic or simplistic common ground, it is the basic premise that will have to drive the decision making. No good intentioned human being wants to see another human being suffer. That is where these people can come together. There are plenty of people in the United States who would want to see illegal immigrants exported that might have come from a rough background. They can certainly relate to the plight of these immigrants. The common ground is not a huge piece of dirt, but there is room for people to come together there for the great good of society. As far as a solution goes, there seems to be a place for one in this case. Though it might not fall right in the middle of what people are looking for, there is a way to come to something of a compromise. In order to give illegal immigrants the best chance to prove themselves and earn their way into the country, a probationary period must be adhered to before they are â€Å"full citizens†. In addition to that, they would have to complete all of the steps that normal immigrants have to go through, including the tests. This would benefit both sides, as it would not blindly throw people back into the hell that they used to inhabit, but it also would not open up the borders to anyone who wanted to come. Those people who made the choice to come to America would understand that it is going to take a long time to gain citizenship. In addition, this might even encourage people to go about immigration the right way, instead of having to sneak into the country. How to cite Mediatory Argument, Essay examples

Exploring theatrical intertextuality Essay Example For Students

Exploring theatrical intertextuality Essay Investigating how the relationship between two texts, Hamlet and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dead, are inextricably linked thematically and therefore the result of what is lost and what is gained in both dramas ; by discoursing how Stoppard translates his drama Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dead, from Shakespeare s Hamlet. Stoppard s technique of pull outing two minor characters from likely the most celebrated drama in literature s history, crossroads, enables the audience to derive a alone and edifying position of these characters. The manner in which Stoppard deals with his drama, by researching many interesting subjects, presents the modern idealisms of motions such as existential philosophy and arguments such as free will versus determinism. By mentioning to Hamlet we are able to derive new penetration, as if skining off the beds of an onion to boundlessly seek concealed significances ; possibly a effect of our modern thought. Stoppard s drama can be described as seeking for the significance of life and the certainty of decease, the links of which can be discussed within the context of existential philosophy. In brief, existential philosophy refers to a philosophy that concentrates on the being of the person, who, being free and responsible, is held to be what he makes himself by the self-development of his kernel through Acts of the Apostless of the will. ( OED 27/11/09 ) With existential philosophy opposing any absolutes and that pick is ever possible and when an single fulfils himself, he exists ; and that carry throughing can come merely through the torment of picks ; human being is therefore full with deficiency of fulfilment, emptiness, and defeat. ( Stephens 27/11/09 ) In treatment to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead, the two characters Ros and Guil are unable to grok their ain individualities and therefore their ain individualisms, which prevents them from gestating their ain free will. The deficiency of doing picks and taking control of their lives, finally leads to them falling into the custodies of destiny, which leads them to oppugning the significance of life. This is expressed in the gap scene where they detect chances. In this respect, they are witting of a universe that seems to be controlled around them, and opportunity is warped as a spun coin continually comes up caputs. ( HSC Notes 27/11/09 ) However, one could reason that the characters in Stoppard s drama are bound by their old being in Shakespeare s Hamlet and therefore their being is already contrived as Stoppard intentionally chose to pull strings two characters and uncover their minor narrative by making an intertextual drama. Furthermore, in respect to the doctrine of existential philosophy, Gabriel Marcel states that no two existences and no two state of affairss are truly commensurable with each other. ( Flynn 2006 ) By dissecting this remark we can use the first portion two existences to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. They seem to be two characters, but instead they appear to be linked as if they are two sides of the same coin. Even in Hamlet, Gertrude mixes the two characters up, therefore lending to the deficiency of differentiation between each of their individualities, and the quest for their intent in life, portrayed more unrelentingly by Guil. In comparing to Hamlet, the clearest illustrations of existential philosophy are in Hamlet s address, and his contemplation of self-destruction near the terminal of the drama. To be or non to be that is the inquiry. ( Shakespeare III.i.56-88 ) On one important degree, one could reason that through an existential philosopher position, the statement of being, and traveling through picks and more affectingly the inquiries between the pick of life and decease can be deciphered through this one line, as Dan Nguyen remarks Hamlet explores his ain mortality . ( Nguyen 27/11/09 ) In researching the elements of life and decease, both dramas delve into these subjects, and non merely because Hamlet is a calamity, but because of the character Hamlet s, inability to seek the significance of life and his compulsion of decease, which consolidates my intuition of happening truth through decease because it seems to the characters of both dramas to be the lone certainty. As Jimmy Stephens assert s that life is a enigma and that this enigma ends in decease, are the two truths Rosencrantz and Guildenstern do discover as the drama returns. ( Stephens 27/11/09 ) Ros and Guil s refusal to accept duty for doing picks and taking control of their being, leads them to endure about in a purgatory made necessarily by themselves ; which is supported by Nguyen s statement that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern neer rather grasp the predicament of their fate, reflecting modern uncertainness and disenchantment of the 20th century, where the lone beginning is birth, and the lone terminal is decease . ( Nguyen 27/11/09 ) By mentioning to a definition existent in existential philosophy, Because of what I am I can non halt clip, except through decease, self-destruction, insanity, alcohol addiction, or narcotics dependence ( Stephens 27/11/09 ) We can competently see the cosmopolitan thoughts of existential philosophy go arounding around the subject of decease, explicit in both of these dram as. A Clean Well Lighted Place Analysis EssayTherefore, in decision there are many definite links and subjects that are inextricably linked within the two dramas, which in one sense must be predictable as Stoppard is imparting from Shakespeare s Hamlet. However the set up is highly cagey with Stoppard imparting an extra perceptive, by reflecting on common thought s but with a modern point of view he manipulates the text to uncover an eldritch reading of two characters and the subjects that are present in Hamlet. Therefore it must be said that much is gained, through Stoppard s creative activity, nevertheless in my sentiment it is meant as a beginning to be read parallel to Hamlet in order to profit from the elusive undertones that link the beginnings so good, and to give a image of modern society and its reaction. Bibliography Author unknown, English Stage 6 Transformations , hypertext transfer protocol: //members.optusnet.com.au/badtz_style/HSC % 20stuff/English % 20Study % 20Notes.pdf. Date accessed: 27/11/09. Author unknown, Hamlet and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern: Understanding the Relationship , www.harrisonhigh.org/ /Rosencrantz % 20and % 20Guildenstern.doc.Date accessed: 27/11/09. Cannon, Ryan, Confusing the Critics: Tom Stoppard s Rosencrantz A ; Guildenstern Are Dead , hypertext transfer protocol: //newmedia.alma.edu/english/420/cannon/eng320.pdf. Date accessed: 27/11/09. De Vos, Jozef, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead: Tom Stoppard s artistic failure , Neophilologus, vol. 61, I, Jan 1977, p. 1. Flynn, R. Thomas, Existentialism: a really short debut , Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. HSC Notes: 2 Unit Related English: Tom Stoppard, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead , hypertext transfer protocol: //lardcave.net/hsc/english.2ur.stoppard.rosencrantzandguildenstern.html. Date accessed: 27/11/09. Mattern, Karl, Analysis of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead , Norderstedt: Grin Verlag, 2006. 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